Free Radicals in the Earth's Atmosphere: Their Measurement and Interpretation Annual Review of Physical Chemistry Vol. Yet, free radicals are essential to life, Wanjek wrote in 2006. Unlike a flame, however, atmospheric oxidation needs an external source of energy: the sun light. Nitrogen dioxide is in equilibrium with its colorless dimer, N 2 O 4. NO and NO 2 are nitrogen-centered radicals. has had a very negative effect on the ozone concentration in the upper atmosphere. Comparisons of the levels of radicals observed during field campaigns to the results of detailed chemical box models serve as a vital tool to assess our understanding of the underlying chemical mechanisms involved in tropospheric oxidation. CFC's, Ozone and Free Radicals. It is a diamagnetic substance. Hydroxyl radicals are the single most important oxidant in the atmosphere because they are the agent primarily responsible for removing the majority of gases emitted into the atmosphere by natural and anthropogenic activity (1–6). Reactive radicals have a key role in maintaining a balanced atmospheric composition through their central function in controlling the oxidative capacity of the atmosphere. Other molecules that are produced naturally in the atmosphere… Although the atmospheric chemistry of HONO is qualitatively understood, not much quantitative information exists. Key examples of the chemistry are given for each group of radicals in their atmospheric context. NO typically reacts with organic peroxy radicals to form NO 2 and an alkoxy radical. Its valency means that the hydroxyl radical is responsible for the natural decay of many pollutants in the atmosphere including methane, carbon monoxide and PCBs. In this tutorial review, the chemistry of three main groups of atmospheric radicals HO x,NO x and XO x (X 5 Cl, Br, I) are examined in terms of their sources, interconversions and sinks. 1 below), which plays a key role in smog formation—and the photodissociation of ozone to give the excited oxygen atom O(1D) (see eq. Aurorae shown here at the bottom of the thermosphere can actually form at any altitude in this atmospheric layer. The use of CFC liquids and gases in refrigerators and aerosols etc. Cl 2 2Cl• These free radicals react with the ozone in the upper atmosphere and remove it, causing the so-called hole in the … Chemical and photochemical reactions in the atmospheres Reactions of many trace gases found in the atmosphere with the hydroxyl radical exert a profound effect on the composition of atmosphere. the atmosphere. Nitrous acid, HONO, is a source of OH radicals in the polluted atmosphere. It reacts with water to form nitrous and nitric acids and it oxidizes many metals. Like the oxidation in a flame, the oxidation in the atmosphere is mediated by free radicals. In the lower atmosphere, the most important examples of free radical production are the photodissociation of nitrogen dioxide to give an oxygen atom and nitric oxide (see eq. 2 below). Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\): Earth's atmosphere Lower 4 layers of the atmosphere in 3 dimensions as seen diagonally from above the exobase. Much of this page is only suitable for advanced chemistry students!

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